Car-heating system



Jan. 30, 1923.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 S, A. REEVE. CAR HEAT a Nc SYSTEM. F LED Nov. 6

Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

Um-insu.isfrAifr's-s ngre-NT:inserts 'Anims'ntioxiginea November s:1920. smarriti-12eme."

sistem' '-uohmsnifdrim @mani 'distribution t rou l "A. lzrtherf-onjecty1s tto so. :wm-ngev the controlling deves in 'a system of'thi's-:Shoractei'. that-when the systms operatednt. tmosphltnpressure the:radiator tem ersture 'mayvbeuthtaoffs'tsam at -atnios ericpressureiorllowerf in=accordancezw1tht e requirementnf the 'c'an forheet` -A: further object istoprvidefin a heating-fysbomfin whichtheJiowwf stealm to the radiator .is 'controlled by -zithermostat atthe'outlet ofthe ifliatorivertain novel mi rangements whereby when-fthe' theunostat is lrontacted '=(or::otherwise tinactive las u.controlling -felsn1e|1t) the vulve associated therewithl permits 'steamto poss directly to suoh` tl'ieimostt, without 4first circulatingthrough: the radiator, tl1ese`arrsngsmenfs permitting inflow totheradiator to be shut off or ohecked'byfauy suitablevnlveyth'ermostatically o 'rated or other-Wise, which need not iteel beprovided with thel short cirduiting means sometimes employed 'in theraiditor .valvesof vu-por heating systems trolling and: regulating Iorykeeping-the foutletthemnostat warm said arrangement I alsoE"psnr'nitting fthe yr "outlet thermostataftoibe' set to' iexp'and i(oit'otliw wise flixifztionfv atie/'lowerI tem ture than thatY l ofl'the ."dondnsatin u polnt of steinn',A GQ' wherebyf', s'vin`amd'ybe--eecteclV -nthe st'eamj'employedi: r keepingthefthemqstotfromfrfreoig at simil.1 :times :as {itrrsivesn`heating; ihedum .from'itlieurdmtot The 'nvsntioni-cnsistsin theo novialacom: Q62strnetlogs errngijeni's: andI i combintions hs'goliz'nterf: descr-1 andf 'lamed ElfonicgzrQ rling outlthetalxre objects' umd suoli -2= 1ssPersnectrve ivieiviof the radiatoriinlet Valter: .@Eig.; 3: is' i ierspetimve maximums lower fue@ 'ofitlie yr iotoroutiet va-lveqfen: '.#Fmsfzsectioalieevution oils modi. 80 fied. ermio heating; systeme( having.a: lurality of independentitempe'raure contro ed radiators.

Like chraoters or remronce assi ,ce

'lilrepnrts in the several figures .of the y aw- 85 Us.` m'lWhil'e--heating... systems for :buildings fana houses having 'Talitomtiotemnature controllhavjsbeen fai'rl isudces such systems whsmattempte -to beapplied .to rail 90 way ca'rs hsvennet:withv :onlyi partial sud` cess,This lmsbeei`1 dudllargelyzto -theien-l tirely. gdierent conditionsencountered' I; in" railway car l1'eatin'gsueh as suddnfmrio-i tionsinexterior tmporature oi wide range, due ,to 'alergia number' owellikxioun" onses and '.ulso, lmcauseeo'iv` thsmecessty .of main'- tsii'ngtli'e temperatiirof lthefnudiab'nr outlot, that'. is, tl1e'lrpfpipe;fabnve freezing.` ln-tIwxlowf-,aressur sjftem'thi'soflzorir-r-` 1o`0 quiies tliewuilinissionrof :steam "to the cmrmliutorwhen the temperature conditions in the cardo 'not requiiexit.-Inproviding :1 heating system' having automatic car 'tem-Apemtureiregulationuitfbeoomes necessary, therefoxtevto'oonsider-not onlthe' corintei'ior requirements rfbut also t 1e =oonditions on theexterior ofithecar.

In the: drawings; 10 mpresants'tne manenpip'e running from the-usualsteam supply 110 temperature need Ionly be high enough to preventfreezin i Steam flows mto the radiator 29, the oondensate being forcedout through the recesses 38 in the valve 36, untillthethermostaticelement 46 expands sniciently toV partially close the valve33 fand'partially open the valve 36. f In this position the system operates asthe ordinary -vaporsystem` The steam by passing ontI of'fthe radiatortlrrougll'the port 37 and into the drip pipe' radiator.` 'This air mixeswith the steam .in

the radiator a-dlowers` the temperature 'of the combined mixture'ofsteam'andzair to a point considerably4v :below i212 Fahrenheit andl actsto lower thegraterof-heat transferredl A'from :the radiator to .'thecnr.. L i

When .the Ear. item eraturegvfalls: belownormal,A the 'thermosta 46 'e'andssli-ghtly| and places thevvlalvesi' sind 6 in their 4inY termediatepositions andthe system' operetes asl an ordinary l'ow' prfssuresystem..

If thcdemandfor heat becomes a maximum,

the thermostat 46 contracts fsuiiiciently fito, `permit thevalve 36- toclose, leavingonly' the passages '3S o :The substantial closing of theport 3 to the-discharge of steam mises the pressure in the radiatorabove atmospheric pressure `and consequently raises the temperature ofthe'rad'iatorabove 212 Fahrenheit. This increase'of the radiatortemperatureabove 'normal serves to increase the rate of transfer of heatto the car and causes the system to respond morequicldy to the demandfor heat.-

The employment of high temperature steam when the demand for' heat ismaximum and of a low temperature mixture `of air and vapor when thedemand for heat is minimum. permits a better temperature' regulationthan could be obtained with a. heatingmedium of substantially. uniformtemperature, -The faatc-tthat the thermo statlc element 25 actspreferably at some temperature below 212 Fahrenheit insures the presencewithin Acharnber'l of-some air mixedwith the steam. When the valve 33 isclosed, as-the radiator condenses its contents of vapor, there is atendency to draw 'steam from the chamber 15"past such valve (whichtendency will be slight because there is only slight pressure differenceon its two sides, as well as from the fact that it is con-,

structed to leal: as little as practicable) and also to cause a backflow of steam air mixture from chamber 18. This insures n. temperaturewithin 'the radiator 4below 212 ahrenheit whenever valve 33 l may closesuliiciently'to call for. it.V

But.it is to be recognizedthat even if thermostat 25 operates at 212Fahrenheit, this action will occur to some degree,be cause chamber 18andthe dischar end 'ot' the radiator are always open-to eatmosphare.Hence, whenever valve 33 closes sufficiently to prevent'a flow of steaminto the radiator at-a'rate to oompensateor the condensation some airwill .be drawn into and throu chamber 18. f f

In .fas I. havoc-illustrated a modiedform of eating system in whichthere are a Aplurality of 4ra.'liatois 5l, 52 controlled independentlyby thermostats 53, These radiators may be located in different parts Aorcompartments of a car, andere controlled by the thermostatic conditionsin the various parts of the car, at which it is desirableto locate thethermostata As many inde dent' radiators asneeessary may be provided,eachv radiator being supplied with` steam from a cent-ral c 5Ei.V Thecentral 4:comprises c embers 56, 57 arid 58. headmission ofsteam-rom'the chamber 56 to `the chamber 57- is. controlled .bly the valve 59actmated by the thermostatic nient located in the `mou`th of the drippipe 61, -1 `This construction is similar to that illustrated inf-F' ..1and need not ,heA om the chamber 57 further dcribed.; supply pipes '62;lead to thevarious valve casings 68.A The valve casngsY 63 are providedwjth radiator inlet ohambers' vaorinlet chambers 65 and discharge cham-'ers .66. The valves' 67 and V68ers similar in construction andoperation to those described in connection with Fig. l 'and control theadmission of the Steam to and exit from the several radiators. "Theoperation of the thermostats 53, 54 in connection with their respectiveradiator valves is similar to that previously described. Return steamand water of condensation ass from the chambers 69 into the pipes 0 andthence to the -drip pipe 61,-these parts being :1i-- ranged to permitdrainage by gravity.

'In general thesystem' shown in Fig. 4 operates like that shown `in Fig.1 `with the exception that the radiators are controlled independentl Itwill be recognized, however, that with any ad`ustment or position otthermostat 60 est lishng` :r pressure withmthe central chamber 5l' notton far above atmospheric pressure` different posi tions of theIindependent thermostats 53, 54 can and will establish differenttemperatures within their respective radiators. This, indeed1 isespeciallyr the function of the modification shown in Fig. 4.

I claim:

-l. In combination, a car heating system capable of operating atatmospheric pressurehorntmhigheli piessre, anche thermo-n stat toautomatilly:etl'ectthvcixange fnom the operation at thelower"pressureibo-'that :it the higherapressiure',and==ri vrs.

-' 2. In coinbiimtionfa earihetng system capable t of `vo rating 'at:atmospheric Y pressure or ata: gher andra, thermostat, :subjectftofuc'tuetioa :n.the-'ten raturev of the `:iil'fifn` the curg 'toautomatically sure, and vioezvers.

3. In combination, a edm-neming: stem.

cnpalle ofzoperntinzf to zpro'due a radiator tempemturevcorrespond'in tothe'temperafv tureofnsteam nt irtm'o mditortemperatureea o'eo'r 'Be'lovv.that temperature'ij dndfia ltiermbsttito nutomnfticalty eect'ltheehanae from oneIooera-tion 21B to the: other.

'4; flnv'combiuation; a car iating alstem` ciable of operating topr'odtrceiner'n 'dtor t peinture 1 corresponding f' to: 'the :tempeaisclosed. anti' 'vi'ce verso., one i interposed bel the other betweenthe-:'rdintor nnd"said therrnnsml'.,4 a'andi thermostaticnlly :aotuated40I meansf for operating-saidfpilirof valves;

'-t.n Ina our heatl S'ysteni, the combinationW-ithu source 'ldlsuppljrrofsteum, of'a radiator, u. vulve to control inllowtofthern- (Linton,`1:.-iiiermostut outside `of the car for actuating said valve, a. pairof valves, ono of`which'is openf-w'henthe other is closed, andviceversa, one`interposed Between the aforesaid -valve and radiator undthe other between Ithe-radator 'and seid' thermostat;

and thermostatically actuated 'means subject to- Yfluctuiitions inA `thetemperature .of the nir in the vour for operating said puineffecttlezchang ffrom the'ioperaton'it ther loner pressure-to--thatrntl theIldher pres--A Memer means comprising a thermostat at said outlet forgoverning ini-low thereto, and menus actuated; by fluctuations -in thetemperature of-the ear atmosphere which operates at high car'temperatmesto check inflow 4to the radiator and et'low cau' temperatures-to checkoutflow froml the radiator.

9. In a car yheatingsystem,xtheeomhination with.y a souroeo supply: ofsteam, -oaI radiator-having an Aoutlet. to the. atmos here, axvalve tocontrol-'the ow to the ator,` arr-thermostat attheoutlet to attuate4said valve-:means nciated withsaid valvewhereby,:wl1en the thermostatiS-contracted, eteamfis' allowed topass direetlyto-tl ther-t`mosttwithout through the radiator-,wand a secondV :valvelocated-betweenfsnid'rst namedV valve and'the frediator for checking@Vinflow. tto the latter.` f

10. vIn a car heating system, the'colbina.- tion-with asource of Supplydit/eem, of a; radiator having ain-outlet to'fthe atmosphere,avxilve-tbrcontrol-theilow to the radiator', :r Vtherm ostnt at 1f theoutlet ito notuate 'sd "alive, meal-sl associated with seid-valvewhereby, 'when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowedtof-.'pass; directlyfrto the therinostat without' circulanlthough-'ftheradiator,V 'zand uthet'mostatical-ll'y :actuated means located betweensnidw'ralve-ttndradiator -for checking nlowj'to;the` latter;

A 11a-1n a foarfheatin'g" syteln the'ooinbination with: e" sourderofsupp'l-y ofsteamgof: w lndiatorhnving'an-outlet-'tolthe otni here, n.valve 'to control the ilowf-tofthera iator, n thermostata't theoutletto'actuatesaid valve, .means 'associated nwith fsad valvewhereby'whenthe thermostat is contracted, steam -is allowed 'to pass'direotly'to'the thermostat without circulating through the rad- 105etor, and means actuated by fluctuations in the temperature of the airin the'cur com'- prising fu-valve arranged between the aforesaid valveand radiator for Checking inflow to the latter.

l2. Ina cor heating system, the-combina'- tion with a source of supplyof Steam, of afradator having un outlet to the tatmosphero, a vnlvetocontrol the How to'the'rudintor', a thermostat at the outlet to -aotuate115 said valvewhi'ch functions at a temperature substantially lower thanthe condensation point of steam, means -controlled vby said thermostatand adopted, when the thermostat is cont-rooted. to allow swam to passdi- 120 rectly to thethermostut without cireuletingA through theradiator` nudmeims located be tween said vnl-rennt! radiator, forchecking inflow to the latter.

13.' In a cnr heating` system. the combina 125 tionwlth u. source ofsupply of steam, of a radiator having an outletfto the atmosphere,

n valve to` control the flowto the radiator, a` thermostat at theVoutlet to, actuate :said valve whichrunotions at a temperature sub-1'3`o stantally lower than the condensation point of steam, insaneassociated with said valve whereby, whenthe thermostat is contracted,steam is allowed to passdirectly to the thermostat without circulatingthrough the radiator, andmeans actuated by fluctuations in thetemprature of the air in the var for checking inllcw to the radiator.

14. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of sup 1y ofsteam, of a radiator having an outlet a valve to control the flow to the'ra tor, a thermostat at the outlet to nctuate said valve, meansassociated with said valve whereby, when the thermostat is contracted,steam is allowed to pass directl)r to the thermostat without circulatingthrough the radiator, a pair of ,valves either-one of which is openwhenthe other isvclcsed, one of which is located between the first nhmed'valve andthe radiator and the other 'be- `tween the radiator andthermostat,.. and means for operetin said pair of valves.:`

1'5. In a "carheatmg system, the combina.- :tion with a. source ofsupply of steam, 'of a radiator having an outlet to the almos here,a-valve tocontrolV the flow to the ra iat/or a thermostat at the outletto actuete=said valve, means associated with said valve whereby, whenthe thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pass directly to thether- 'mosta't without circulating through the radiator,=a pairA ofvalves either one-ofi which -is c en when 'the other is closed, one ofwhic is located betweeni the first named valve-und the radiator and theother between the radiator and the thermostat, and thermostaticallyactuatedmeans. for operating said pair of valves.

16. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of supply ofsteam, of a radiator having an outlet to the utmos here, u valve tocontrol the flow to -the ra iator, a thermostat at Vthe outlet toactuatc said 45 valve, means associated with said valve whereby, whenthe thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pass directly to `'thethermostat without circulating through the radiator, n pair of valveseither one of which is open when the other is closed, one oi which islocated between the first named valve and the radiator and the otherbetween the radiator and thermostnujnnd thermostatically actuated meanssubject to finctuations in the temperature of the oir in the car foroperating said pair of valves.

17. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of supply ofsteam, oi' a radiator having an outlet to the atmosphere, n valve tocontrol the flow to the radiator, a thermostat et theoutlet to actuatesaid valve and beingr arranged so asK to function at a temperaturesubstantially lower than the condensation point of steam. meansassociated with said valve whereby,

the atmos here, i

when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pessrdirectly tothe thermostat wit-hout circulating through the radiator, a pair ofvalves either one of which isopen when the other is closed, one'o whichis i0 located between the first namedavalve and Y the radiator and theother between the radiator :ind thermostat, 'and ,thermostatcall'yactuated means subject to uctuations in the temperature 4of the air inthe car for operat- 75 mg said pair of valves. Y

8. In a cnr heat' system, the combination with a supply pipe 'carryingsteam at :a relatively high rassure, cfa radiator, a valvevcontrolled athermostat located so outside of the car lor supplying low pres-V suresteam fto said radiator,a second valve controlledby a. 4thermostatlccatedin'side the car connected with said.` radiator' for' governingthe [low of steam through said radiator responsively to the ,temperatureof the cai-,t1 means for returnin steam from the radiator A Ythermostat, and,means controlledjby the rst named thermostat 'foradmitting steamdirectly from' saidV first 90 named valve -to said -rstnamed thermostat. f. A .19. In aiheting, ',scemlV V:fori railway cars,the combination wit a radiator in a cur,

and a ,-supply pipe 'carrying steam at .a

relatively high pressure-cf u. valvefcom nected wxth said supply pipe'foi'..suppling :w: steam to said radiator, a hermostat unt iout thecar: for controlling xsaidfval've,V means associated with said valve.for admitting steam directly 'to said thermostat when the 100 -same isbelow a certain'ztemperature, valves controlled vby a .thermostat4 inthe car -for govermng the admission Aof steam tosaid radiator and forcontrolling the discharge of steam from' said radiator, and means for105 conducting the steaniand condensate from` the radiator to said firstnainedthermostat.

20. In a heating system for railway cars, the combination witha'radiator in a car n nd a supply pipe carrving steam at a relativelyhig 1 pressure,'of a valve chamberto which said supply pipe isconnected, a thermostat without the car, a valve in said chamberconnected with said thermostat for controlling the admission of steam tosaid chamber, an auxiliary valve in said chamber and controlled by saidthermostat foradmitting steam from said chamber to said thermostat,connections between said chamber and said radiator for supplying steamto the radiator, avalve -fcr controlling the supply of steam throughsaid connections to the radiator, connections between the radiator andthe thermostat for conducting the steam and condensate from the radiator1;"5 to the thermostat, a valve for controlling the discharge of steamfrom the radiator through the connections between the radiutor andthethermostat, and' means actua-ted responsively to the temperature in lthecar thereto, andv having a. controlling for operatin the last named twovalves so thatone va. ve opens Vas the other valve closes 21. In 'arailway car heating stem, the combination with a'steam, suppy pipe, aradiator in the earand adrip pipe extending without the ear to whichdrip pipethe of said radiator is connected, of. a. cham r connectingsaid supply pipe and radiator, a valve for admitting Steamto saidchamber, a thermostat iii-saidV drip pipe connected .with said valve foroverning the admission of steam' to'said amber responsivelyto thetemperature .in said drip pipe, an auxiliary valve controlled by saidthermostat for. admitting steam-.in limited quantities from saidVcliniiiher directly to said dri pipe, to maintaintlie .temperature insaid drip. pipe abovefifee'ing-s radiator valve for .admittingfrom-.said :chamber to said radiator, areti'xrnipipedralve'for roverningthe.ilow ,fronirthe kradiator tosaid rip pipe, and a thermostatelocntedwithin the car for vgeiler-'ning saidfradiatavalve responsively to the.temperature lo thecar for substantially. closing: said; l return. lvalve when the temperatureiilntliecar r below. normal, seas-.to m hientarilyraise the temperature ofsaid r iatoiz4 i In a railwaycar-.heating system, the combination with namsupplypipe, a radiator .inthe car andi'a dri pie `extending without the car to. .which drippipetlie return :pipe of said radiator is connected, of a Avalve chamberconnecting )said` supply, .pipe and radintor,l a..va1ve;.in,said-.chainber for admitting `steam ..fi:on'isiaid}.supplyApipe rod. passing through the-wa1l.of said chamber into said drppipe,a'thermostatv in .theoutlet end of said dripA pipe zconnected to saidrod and adopted tooperate said valve to admit steam to said chamberrespcnsively. to the temperature in the outlet Vend of sai-id drip pipe,Said rod .li'avi v passages ont therein adapted et n relative y[contempor-attire in said drip pipe to admit steam ,therethroughdirectlylo said drip pipe, a. radiator valve for admitting steam romsaid chamber Vto said radiator, :i return cpipe vnlvegfor governing thefiow` to sai rippipe and a thermostat lociitedfwitliin the cui' orgoverning said radiator valve responsively to the temperature. of thecar and for substantially closing said return pi e valve when thetemperature in the car fa s below normal, so as to momentarily raise thetemperature of said radiator.

23. In a railway can heating system, the combination with a steam supplypipe, :i radiator in the car and u drip pipe extending without the carto which drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator is connected, of n.chamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, n valve for admittingsteam to said i or E ',tui'irplpefvalve, saidretnrn pipe valve beingprovided `with n permanently open port of return chamber, a. thermostatin snid drip pipe confneeted with said valve for governing the adppipeabove freezing, a radiator valves ,for-,admitting steam from saidchamber to saidradiator, a return pipe valve for governing the flow fromthe radiator to said drip pipe, and a thermostat located within the carfor governing said rndintor valve res onsitelyto the temperature of thecar und ulating the opening through said resmall area..

..;24..4In aranway cariheating system, the

'combination witlna steam supply, pipe, a

radiatorin the carand a drip` pipe extending -iwithout the car to whichdrip pipe .the re- 'turn ipe'of-.said radiator is connected, of u.

chain er 'connecting' said supply pipe and radi'atonafralye foradmitting `stezini :it reduced preure to said .chambeiya thermostat insaid drip pi e connected with said valve *for-governing e admission ofsteam to said chamber responsivelyto the temperature in said dript ipe,an auxiliary valve controlled 'by' saidt ermostatfor admitting steam inlimited quantities from said fh'nmber di- .rectly to said dripl pipe, tomaintain the tempernture in seidA drip pipe above freezing, :i radiatorvulve for admitting steam from said :chamber to said radiator, athermostat in said cui: for controllingsaid vulve to admitsteamto-sid-,radiator i'esponsively to temperature demands-,fand othermeans in udditionfto said radiator valveand also con- .trolled :by saidsecond named thermostat Ladapted-by;its action to increase the tempor--ature ofseiclv radiator when the temperature in saidcur falls belowueertuin limit.

.25.,In a railway cnr heating s'stem, tlucombination with a steam siipppipe, n radiator Yinthe car and :i drip pipe extending without the caitowhich drip pipe the ipe of said radiator is connected, of n cham erconnecting said supply pipe and radiatort a vulve for admitting steam nlsubstantially atmospheric pressure to snid chamber, a thermostat in saiddrip pipe connected with said valve for Vgoverning the admission ofsteam to said chamber responsively to the temperature in said drip pipe,an auxiliary valve controlled by said thurmostat for admitting steam inlimited quinitities from said chamber directly to snid drip pipe, tomaintain the temperature in said drip pipe above freezing, a radiatorvalve for admitting steam rom said chamber to said radiator` athermostat in said mi' for Controlling said valve to admit steam t .saidradiator' responsively to temperature demands, an.. essersi-'11.1.addition-'t0 Said "radiator ivalv,e .,ai 1d 'also controlled by: Said fVsecond-nanied thermostat jor. increasing the 5 pressure in` said,radiatprwlhenl'the car temperature falls siilistantially below. tnormal. l

M26-lla wrlrarlsaa#cities SWP the .,cpmbintieii. with a demeurer ripe fradiator ieth serenita @er Pire-estenddus' wltheut the ear .te ,what derrae the gretnrn ipe of said raliiatDr'iscoDnected, of i scheur `erconnecting said Vsupply pipe and Aradiator,:a valve foradmittingsteaintire- ...dessi .rsaurs-w-Qsmdhmbf st tin drippipefconnected with [said selve- .frsvtelfiisg the admissln ef` Steam`to said chamber responsively to the temperature in.; said dripnpipc, anauxilaty valve controlled by said 't ermostat for admitting steam inlimitedfquantities from said charnber directly-v to said drip pipe, tomaintain the temperature in said dripy pipe above freezinv, a radiatorvalve for admitting, steam trioin said chamber to said radiator, athermostat in said car for controlling said valve to admit steam to saidradiator responsively to temperature demands, and means controlled bysaid second-nained thermostat for admitting air into said radiator whenthe car temperature rises substantially above normal.

27. In a railway car heating system, the combination with a steam supplypipe, a radiator in the car and a drip pipe extending without the car towhich drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator is connected, of uchamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, a valve for admittingsteam at reduced pressure to said chamber a thermostat in said drip pipeconnected with said valve for governing the admission of steam to saidchamber responsively to the temperature in said drip pipe, an auxiliaryvalve controlled by said thermostat for admitting steam in limitedquantities from said chamber directly to said drip pipe, to

maintain the temperature in said drip pipe above freezing, a radiatorvalve for admitting steam from said chamber to said radito ator, athermostat in said car for control ling said valve to admit steam tosaid radiator responsively to temperature demands, und means controlledby said second named thermostat for admitting nir to the radixitor whenthe car temperature rises sufficiently to cause the closing of saidradiator valve.

2.8. In a railway car heating system, the combination with a steamsupply pipe, a radiator in the car and a. drip pipe extending withoutthe car to which drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator isconnected, of n chamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, :ivalve for admitting steam to said chamber5 :i thermostat in said drippipe .qonnectedmith valvefor l, :1,ov,ernii1 g the dmis's'ipn ofsteiin'iLto said chamber responsaid drip pipe,'to maintain the temperature insaid drip pipe abovezfre'ezing,' valves at th inlet' and. outlet endsbfsaid radiator and operativelyl connected together so tliat they'emtelopimsteln 'raid s thermostat 'xvitlii'n t-lie ca'r for operatingsaid 'izalvesI respo'ii'sively to temperature condicpiribination Awixtlia,stcun'supply7 pi e, a l liecaig and `adrip ipeesi ndinri out-side of'the car oil an etrli'amber connecting said supply pipe with saidradiet-or, an adjacent outlet chamber connecting` the return pipe ofsaid radiator with Said dripldppe, e valve in said inlet chamber formitting steam from said suppl pipe thereto and havin a controlling ropassing through the wal of said chamber into said drip pipe, athermostat in the outlet end of said drip pipe connected to said rod andadapted to operate said valve to admit steam to said chamberresponsively to the'teinperature in the outlet end of said drip pipe,said i-od having passages cut therein adapted to connect said inletchamber with said drip pi e for admitting steam directly thereto w ensaid thermostat reaches its maximum contraction, valves in said inletand outlet chambers governing the admission to and exit from saidradator, a valve rod connecting said valves, said valves being adaptedto operate oppositely, and a thermostat located within the car foroperating said lastnamed valves responsive v to temperature conditionsin said car.

30. In a railway car heating system, the combination of a steam supplypipe, radisters in the car, a vapor regulator comprising a chamber insaid car to which said suppl pi e is connected, a valve in said cham eror admitting steam thereto, a drip pipe connected with said chamber andexten ing outside of the car, a valve rod passing through said chamberinto said drip pipe, a thermostat in said drip pipe for operating saidvalve responsiveljr to the temperature in said drip pipe, said valve rodhaving recesses therein adapted to adniit steam from said chamber tosaid drip pipe to maintain the temperature therein above freezing, valvecasings oi' each of said radiators comprising inlet and outlet 125chambers connected to the inlets and outlets, respectively, of saidradiators, valves governing said inlets and outlets and having rodsoperativelv connecting the same, said vulves being adapted to operateoppo- 130 5 nectlng 4sztidfinlet clilhbei's with said impor 31.Ina'l'iating system for railway cars, in inlet chamber, a, dischargechamber' open 10 Vto the atmosphere containing a therin's't'm `a'Yulx'fe opening. from s'aid inlet chambr'to sd discharge chamber and'ctii'zlt'ed -said thermost.t, a rndiatorudischarging into saiddischarge chaib'e'rnzi ra- 32t In a heating system for railway cars,

VthisA combination of a steam pipe a radiator in ther-ar haring itsdischarge end open to the txnsphere, :1n inlet chamber connected withsnd steam pipe, valves in said chamber for admitting steam to saidchamber und from said cha'niber to they discharge end of said radiator,a. thermostat located outside the car controlling said valves so as toadmit 10W pressure s'team to said inlet cha'rnber :ind to admit stealmto said rztrlitor discharge to prevent freezing,'in letancl dischargevalves for said radiator, ztrid :in independent thermostat located insnicl cr for operating sul'cl ruditor valves responsircly to thctemperature conditions of the dar.

SIDNEY A. REEV'E.

